What is the meaning of “landslide”? read these important facts and be causious!

kdh hEula we;sùug fmr we;s úh yels ,laIK fudkjdo@@ 

kdhhEï j,lajd .ekSug wm l, hq;af;a l=ulao@

What is the meaning of “landslide”@

kdh heula‌ isÿùu i|yd mia‌ iy tys mj;sk o%jHj, jHdlD;s m%;Hd n,h ^Shear stress&" jHdlD;s m%n,;dj ^Shear strenght& bla‌uúh hq;= h' fujeks ;;a;ajhla‌ ishÆ u l÷ nEjqïj, isÿ fkd jk w;r ta i|yd tys mj;sk mia‌j, ia‌jNdjh ^Clay mineralogy& m%Odk f,ig u n,mdkq ,nhs' fï úfYaIs; mia‌j, m%Odk ,la‌IKh jkqfha wêl f,i c,h Wrdf.k tys m%udKh úYd, ùu ^Swelling& jk w;r tajdfha wka;¾.; jk Lksc o%jHj, m%udKh ie,lSfï § 50]lg jeä m%udKhla‌ uhsfl%dak 2lg jvd wvq úYd,;ajhlska hqla‌; ùu lemS fmfka'

fujeks Swelling Clay j¾. lsysmhla‌ Y%S ,xldfõ § wmg yuq jk w;r b,hsÜ‌ ^illite&" fldfhd,skhsÜ‌ ^Kaolinite& iy fudkaáfudßf,dkhsÜ‌ ^montmorillonite& tajd w;r m%Odk fõ' fujeks Lksc iys; nEjqï" wêl j¾Idj;a iu. c,h Wrdf.k ix;Dma; jk w;r tajdfha mßudj jeä ùu iy tlS ud;D mdIdK ^Bed rock& iu. we;s >¾IK n,h ^Friction& wvq ù c, myr;a iu. my<g .,d tau isÿ fõ'

fuf,i isÿ jk kdh heï m%Odk wdldr lsysmhls'

weojeàu ^Slump& - nEjqul mj;sk mdIdK fyda mia‌ tys wj;, u;=msg Èf.a my<g weojeàu fufia y÷kajkq ,efí'

mdIdK m;kh ^Rock Fall& - l÷ nEjqul mj;sk ud;D mdIdK ^Bed rock& fldgia‌ fjka ù ksoyfia my<g m;s; ùu'
mdIdK rEgkh ^Rock slide& - nEjqul mj;sk fjka jQ ud;D mdIdK úYd, m%udKhla‌ la‌IKslj my<g .uka lsÍu'
iqkanqka m;kh ^Debris fall& - nEjqul mj;sk mdIdK" 
wjidÈ; o%jH ^Sediments& iy jDla‌I,;dÈh ksoyfia my<g m;s; ùu'

iqkanqka .e,Su ^Debris flow& - wiïmSä; ^Unconsolidated& mdxYq ix>gl Èh myrla‌ Tia‌fia my<g .,d heu'

we§ heu ^Creep& - nEjqul b;d fiñka my<g isÿ jk ixp,khka jk w;r th y÷kd.; yela‌fla myka lKq" ÿrl:k reyeka lKq" ;dmam jeks fohl isÿ jk we, ùulsks'

l=uk wdldrhl kdh heula‌ jqj o isÿ ùug kï fmr i|yka l< mßÈ mia‌ iy tys wvx.= ix>gl j, jHdlD;s m%;Hd n,h" jHdlD;s m%n,;dj bla‌uúh hq;= h' fï i|yd n,mdk m%Odk idOl ia‌jdNdúl ^Nataral& iy udkj l%shdldrlï ^Human activities& f,i fldgia‌ follg oela‌úh yels w;r kdh heï i|yd m%Odk;u fya;= idOlh njg m;a ù we;af;a udkj l%shdldrlï nj ukdj meyeÈ,s h'

iajdNdúl fya;=

•    NQñfha wkql%ukh fyj;a ;Sj%;djh

NQñ m%foaYhla m%Odk fldgia mylska iukaú;h';eks;,d"uo nEjqï"uOHia; nEjqï"o, nEjqï"b;d uo o, nEjqï jYfhks'cd;sl f.dvke.s,s m¾fhaIK wdh;khg wkqj nEjqï wxYl15-40 w;r nEjqï m%foaYj, Y%s ,xldfõ kdhhEï we;s fõ'Ma w;ßka 20-30 w;r m%foaYj, jeäfhka kdh hk nj olajhs'

•    l÷ nEjqfï NQ úoHd;aul ,laIK

l÷ nEjqul bß;e,Sï"úfNao l=ia;=r"wd§ idOl kdhhEu i|yd fya;= fõ'jfYaIfhka u fudfydr nEjqïj, mdofhys msysgd we;s nEjqï ks¾udKh ù we;af;a Bg by<ska msysgd we;s mdIdK ÔrKfhka b;sß jQ fldgia wdY%fhks'fïjd fyd¢ka taldnoaO ù fkduw;s w;r"ia:djr fkdfõ'wêl j¾Idm;khla we;s wjia:dj, fuu nEjqï fldgi ix;Dma; ù kdhhEï we;s lrhs'

•    l÷ nEjqfï jDlaI,;djrKh

jDlaI,;d wdjrKhla iys; m%foaYj,g j¾Idj ,efnk úg jeys ìxÿ Ydl u;g jeà l%ufhka ìug m;s; fõ'búg mdxYq Ldokh md,kh fõ' jDlaI,;d wdjrKh bj;a jq úg jeis c,h fl,skau fmdf<dj u;g m;s; ù b;d fõ.fhka mdxYq Ldokh isÿ fõ'

•     j¾Idm;kfha m%udKh yd ;Sj%;djh

wêl ;Sj%;djhla iys; j¾Idm;khla È.= ld,hla ;siafia ,enqkfyd;a th kdhhEï flfrys n,mEula we;s lrhs'wêl j¾Idm;khla ,eîu ksid l÷ nEjqfï ÔrKdjfYaI wê ix;Dma; ^Over Saturation&njg m;a fõ' th kdhhEug wjYH jgmsgdj ilia lsÍuls'

•    NQñ lïmd we;s ùu

NQñlïmdjla ksid we;sjk lïmk ;rx. mDIaGh u;=msg .uka lsÍu ksid wod, m%foaYfha nEjqï m%foaY o p,khg ,la fõ'tjeks wjia:djl l÷ nEjqfï mj;sk mdIdK fldgia .e,ù laIKslj my<g lvd jeáh yelsh'

udkj l%shdldrlï

•    jkdka;r úkdYh

ck ixLHdj iS>%fhka jeä ùu iu. Tjqkaf.a wjYH;djhka imqrd .ekSu i|yd jkdka;r úkdY lrk ,§'Ydl j, uq,a u.ska mia ne| ;nd .kS'thska tys fN!;sl ;;ajh yd hdka;%sl Yla;sh jeä fõ'tfy;a jk úkdYh ksid mfia nEjqï j, ia:dhs;djh wvq ù mia wia:dhs fõ'túg jeiai wd úg fuu mia ia;r .e,ù hdug f,dl= yelshdjla ,efí'o< nEjqïj, ÿïfld< j.dj fukau wúêu;a f;a j.dj;a kdhhEug fya;= fõ'

•    wl%uj;a bÈ lsÍï

ñksiqka ;ukag ksjdi ;ekSug NQñh ys.jQ ksid l÷lr m%foaYj, ksjdi yok ,§'wxYl90 nEjqu lmd ksjdi ye§u ksid kdhhEu nyq,h'

•    NQñh u;=msg c,h .,d hdug ndOd we;s ùu

l%udkql+,j ilid we;s c, m%jdyk moaO;shla we;akï c,h .,d hdu l%uj;a fõ'

•    lD;Su msmsrùï we;s lsÍu

l¿.,a jevm,j, vhskuhsÜ fhdod msmsrùï lrhs'tu.ska we;s lrk lïmkh NQñlïmdjlska isÿjk l%shdj,shg iudkh'ÔrKdjfYaI ;Ügqj msmsÍu ksid fi,ùulg ,la úh yelsh'ÔrKdjfYaI ;Ügq w;r taldnoaO;djh ke;s ùu kdh hdug fya;= fõ'

•    wúêu;a j.d l%u yd wkqÑ; j.djka

fï ksid c,h .,dhdug ndOd we;s fõ'w;S;fha isg l÷lrfha j.djka i|yd fhdod .;af;a fy,au¿ j.d l%uhhs'kuq;a wo ÿïfld<"t<j¿ wd§ j.djka j,§ fï l%uh fhdod fkd.kS'fuh c,h nei hdug ndOdjla jk w;r fï ksid mdxYq Ldokh nyq,h'

•    merKs kdh ìï Ndú;hg .ekSu

tla wjia:djl§ kdh .sh m%foaYhla kej; kdh hdug we;s m%jK;djh jeäh' Wod - 2003 j¾Ifha mqoa.,hka 60la muK ñh .sh r;akmqr we,md; m%foaYfha kdhhEu'

•    wúêu;a jk j.dj

kdhhEï nyq, m%foaY j, foaYSh Ydl fjkqjg úfoaYSh Ydl j.d lsÍu' Wod-mhskia j.dj

kdh hEula we;sùug fmr we;s úh yels ,laIK

•    l÷ nEjqï m%foaYj, meÆï we;sùu yd tajd l%ufhka mq¿,a fjñka .eUqre ùu'

•    l,ska ;snQ c, W,am;a is£ hdu yd fmr c, W,am;a fkd;snQ ;eka j,ska ysá yeáfha c, W,am;a u;= ùu'

•    l÷ nEjqfï we;s .ia"ÿrl;k lKq"úÿ,s lKq"l÷ nEjqfï my< m%foaYhg we,ùu'

•    fudfydr nEjqul mia ;Ügqj u; irejg jevqKq fmd,a"mqjla jeks Ydl laIKslj ueÍ hdu'

•    iaÒr f.dvke.s,s mqmqrd hdu'

•    iajdNdúl Èh W,am;a j,ska msgjk c,h uv iys; ùu'

•    wdmodjg ,la jk m%foaYfha ld,hla ;siafia wêl f,i weo yef,k j¾Idm;kh'

•    wdmodjg ,la jk m%foaYj, ;sfnk nEjqu"ud¾.j,"f.dvke.s,sj,"ksjdij, ì;a;sj, fyda bÈlsÍïj, yÈisfha me,Sï we;s ùu'

•    nEjqï j, .s,d neiSï"b,smamSï"yÈisfha c,h u;= ùu'

•    .x.d wdY%s; m%foaYj, i;=kaf.a yd mlaISkaf.a widudkHh wiajdNdúl yeisÍu'

kdhhEï j,lajd .ekSug wmg l, yels foa

•    kdhhEï j,g wjOdkula we;s l÷ nEjqï j, ñksia lghq;= md,kh l< hq;=h'ta hgf;a wl%uj;a bÈ lsÍï isÿ lsÍu"j.d lghq;= lsßu jeks oE md,kh l< hq;=h'

•    fmdf<dj u;=msg c,h r|d fkdisg myiqfjka nei hdu msKsi ldKq moaO;shla ia:dms; l< hq;=h'fuu ldKq m%Odk we< ud¾.hg iïnkaO jk fia ifudaÉP f¾Ldjka Tiafia lemsh hq;=h'

•    l÷ nEjqu wdY%s;j lrk j.djka j,§ c,h ksis f,i nei hk wdldrhg ieliSu'

•    merKs kdhhEï ìï y÷kd‍f.k tu ìï ms<sn|j ck;dj oekqj;a lsÍug is;shï ks¾udKh lsÍu'

•    kdhhEï j,g ,la jQ m%foaYj, mdxYq ia;rh wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd .ia je,a frdmKh lsÍu'

•    nEjqu u; ÔrKdjfYaI ;Ügqfõ taldnoaO;djh we;s lsÍu i|yd foaYSh Ydl ifudaÉP jeá f,i jeùu'

•    kdhhEï mQ¾j ,laIK y÷kdf.k mQ¾j wk;=re we.ùfï l%shd mámdáhla rg ;=< ia:dms; lsÍu'

•    kdhhEfï § my;g ,siaid hk ìfuys ysi bj;a lr ^uqÿkq lmd&NQñfha nr wvq lsÍu iy ukd c,jyk rgdjla we;s lsÍu'fuys§ c,h ksis wdldrfhka nei hk wdldrhg ldkq moaO;shla ia:dms; l< hq;=h'

•    kdhhEï j,g f.dÿre úh yels m%foaY y÷kdf.k tu m%foaYj, Ôj;ajk ck;djg úl,am ksjdi yd bvï ,nd §u'

•    jk úkdYh wju lsÍu'

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