f,dalhdf.ka ieÕù ;ju;a Ôj;ajk fhdaO ysu ñksid''
ì.a*qÜ f,dj mqrd úúO kïj,ska ye¢kafjkjd' lekvdfõ ye¢kafjkafka zzieiafldÉzz lshdhs' lekvdfõ ì%áIa fldf,dïìhd m%dka;fha;a wefußld tlai;a ckmofha jhUÈ. meismsla l,dmfha;a jkdka;rj, fï ì.a *qÜ Ôj;afjk njg úYajdi flfrkjd' W;=re úiafldkaiskays ,efldagd bkaÈhdkqjka fï fhdaOhd ye¢kajQfha zzÑfha-gkaldzz fyj;a zzfhdaO f,dl= whshdzz hk kñkqhs' fkamd,fha yd áfngfha zzfhàzz lshd;a" Ökfha zzfhrkazz lshd;a" ´iafÜ%,shdfõ zzfhdaùzz lshd;a ye¢kafjkafka fï ì.a*qÜ u fyda Tyqf.a kEhl= nj mejfikjd'
ì.a*qÜ f,dj mqrd úúO kïj,ska ye¢kafjkjd' lekvdfõ ye¢kafjkafka zzieiafldÉzz lshdhs' lekvdfõ ì%áIa fldf,dïìhd m%dka;fha;a wefußld tlai;a ckmofha jhUÈ. meismsla l,dmfha;a jkdka;rj, fï ì.a *qÜ Ôj;afjk njg úYajdi flfrkjd' W;=re úiafldkaiskays ,efldagd bkaÈhdkqjka fï fhdaOhd ye¢kajQfha zzÑfha-gkaldzz fyj;a zzfhdaO f,dl= whshdzz hk kñkqhs' fkamd,fha yd áfngfha zzfhàzz lshd;a" Ökfha zzfhrkazz lshd;a" ´iafÜ%,shdfõ zzfhdaùzz lshd;a ye¢kafjkafka fï ì.a*qÜ u fyda Tyqf.a kEhl= nj mejfikjd'
ì.a *qÜ ku fuka u zzieiafldÉzz ku;a i|yka lrñka zzì.a *qÜzz" zzì.a *qÜ weka o jhs,aÙ fndahszz hkqfjka fg,súIka Ñ;%mg ud,djla o l,lg by; § f,dj mqrd úldYh jqKd' wfma rEmjdyskfhka o fuu Ñ;%mg ud,dj úldYh jqKd' <uhskag lreKdj olajk" fkdis;+ fudfydf;a <uhska wk;=rej,ska .,jd .kakg tk lreKdjka; i;ajhl= f,ihs" ta jev igykaj,ska ksrEmKh jqfKa'
fcaka .=fvda,a woyia olajhs
zzug kï fyd|gu iy;slhszz ì.a*qÜ lshkafka yenEu i;ajfhla” fufyu lshkafka fcaka .=fvda,a' fcaka .=fvda,a lshkafka ms%udfÜia fyj;a wf.a%Yhka .ek wo f,dalfha bkakd m%uqL fmf<a úfYaI{jßhla' ms%udfÜia lsh,d lshkafka jdkr mjqf,a i;=kaghs' fcaka úYajdi lrk úÈhg zzì.a *qÜzz lshkafka jdkrfhla' zzì.a*qÜzz hkafka f;areu zzfhdaO md we;a;dzz hkakhs' W! idudkH jdkrhkag jvd m%udKfhka úYd," f,dauj,ska uq¿ isrer u jeiqKq fomhska weúo hd yels i;ajfhl= njhs mejfikafka' zzfï jk úg ì.a*qÜ f,dj mqrd ckm%sh ùug fya;=j rEmjdyskS jevigykaj,ska yd ´md¥mj,g uq,a;ekla fok ckms%h iÕrdj,ska ,efnk oejeka; m%isoaêhhs' fï ksidu úoHd{hka ;=< ì.a*qÜ .ek úYajdihla ke;sù .syska”zz fcaka .=fvda,a jeäÿrg;a woyia olajñka lshhs'
ì.a*qÜ fidhd hdug f,dl= Wkkaÿjla
f,dalfha ms<s.;a úoHd{jßhla f,i ie,flk .=fvda,af.a woyia myiqfjka neyer l< fkdyelshs' weh lshkafka ì.a*qÜ ms<sn| .eUqre wOHhkhla yd .fõIKhla lsÍu l< hq;a;la njhs' .=fvd,af.a woyig tlÕjk ;j;a fokafkla bkakjd' bka tla flfkla ;ud fcdaÊ Id,¾' Tyq wefußldkq jk Ôù ixrlaIK iudcfha úoHd wxYfha wOHlaIljrhdhs' wfkla flkd ;ud f,dal ms%udfÜihka iq/lSfï ixúOdkfha ri,a ñfgñfha¾' Tyq miq.sh 10 jirl ld,hla ;=< kj ms%udfÜia úfYaI 10 la fidhd .ekSug iu;a ù ;sfhkjd' óg wu;rj ì.a*qÜ .fõIKhla isÿ lsÍug Wkkaÿjla olajk úoHd{hka .Kkla isákjd'
Wkkaÿjla we;sùug fya;=j @
ì.a*qÜ .ek úoHd{hka fu;rï Wkkaÿjla olajkafka j| ù .shd fyda ñ:Hd l;dj,g muKla iSud jqKd hehs is;+ Ôùka lsysm fofkl= u yenEjg u bkakd nj fï jk úg ;yjqre ù we;s yskaohs' ta i;ajhka ;ud fhdaO oe,a,d" l÷lr f.daß,a,d" fhdaO mekavd" Tldms" iS,ldk;a ud¿jd iy we;a o< fydgla we;s lEr,d'
r;= bkaÈhdkq NdIdjg wkqj
w;S;fha isg wefußldfõ Ôj;a jk iajfoaYSh ckhdf.a" ta lshkafka r;= bkaÈhdkqjkaf.a" NdId jHjydrfha ;sfhkjd" zzfhdaO jdkrhdzz hk wre;a fok jokla' ta;a W;=re wefußldfõ jk.;j j÷rka fyda jdkrhka ta lshkafka ÑïmkaiSka iy f.daß,a,ka we;af;a kE' flá ÿrla fyda fomhska weúo hdug yels tlu i;ajhd ;uhs j<yd' wefußldfõ j<iqka j¾. lsysmhlau bkakjd'
r;= bkaÈhdkq Ñ;%j,ska yuqjQ foa
wefußldfõ ngysr m%foaYj, leKSï l< mqrdúoHd{hkag tlsfkld yd iïnkaO fkdjQ m<d;a .Kkdjl jdih l< iajfoaYSl r;= bkaÈhdkq f.da;%slhka .,aj, flgQ Ñ;% yd rEm igyka yuqù ;sfhkjd' ta rEmigykaj, wefußldfõ jk.; m%foaYj, r;= bkaÈhdkqjkag yuqjQ fkdfhla fkdfhla i;=kaf.a rEm fldgd ;sfhkjd' fï rEm w;ßka tla rEmhla mqrdúoHd{hska uú;hg m;a l<d' tal fomhska ke.S isák fhdaO jdkrfhl=f.a rEmhla' j÷rka fyda jdkrhska Ôj;a fkdjk W;=re wefußldfõ iajfoaYSl ckhd jdkrfhl=f.a rEmhla .,aj, fldgd ;sîu mqrdúoHd{hska uú;hg m;a l< ldrKdjla jqKd' lsisodl tlsfkld yuqù fyda l;dny fyda fkdl< tlsfklg fjkia f.da;%sl ckhd tl yd iudk jdkrfhl=f.a rEmhla Tjqka yefudau Ñ;% wekao f,ka Ñ;%j,g we;=<;a lr ;sîu we;af;kau mqÿuhg lreKla' ta jf.auhs fïl ì.a*qÜ we;a;u Ôúfhla úh yelshehs hkakg b;d m%n, idlaIshla' ta is;ska ujd .;a i;ajfhl= fkdfõ' iajfoaYSlhska is;=jug keÕ=fõ Tjqka weiska ÿgq i;ajhkqhs' wfkla w;g tlsfklg iïnkaOhla ke;s f.da;%sl lKavdhï lsysmhlau tlu i;ajfhl=f.a uk#l,ams; Ñ;%hla w¢kafka fldfyduo @
ial+lï md i,l=K
ì.a*qÜj weiska ÿgq njg we;s idlaIs 1820 jir olajd Èfjkjd' 1900 § mgka ì.a*qÜ ÿgq jd¾;d 2"500 lg jvd ,eî ;sfhkjd' ta jf.auhs uE; ld,fha § jvd;a ms<s.; yels wêlrK úoHd idlaIs mjd bÈßm;a ù ;sfhkjd' tajdhska jvd;a m%isoaO;u idlaIsh f,i ie,flkafka ial+lïf.a md i,l=Kl wÉpqjla' fuu md i,l=fKa ,nd 2000 jif¾ § Ydka; fy,kaia ñáhdjf;a ufvys igyka j ;sìh§hs' ì.a*qÜ fiùfï wdYdfjka fm¿Kq m<mqreoaola ke;s tla mqoa.,fhla ñáhdjf;a ;ekska ;ek m,;=re f.dv .id ;snqKd" ì.a*qÜj w,a,d .kak weula yeáhg' fuu md i,l=K ufvys igyka jQfha ta m,;=re lkak meñKs ì.a*qÜf.ka njhs" mejfikafka' tfy;a iuyr úoHd{hska lshkafka kï fuh úfYaI{hska msßila úiska ks¾udKh l< fndre md i,l=Kla njhs'
ì.a*qÜ .ek fndre fy<sfjhs
wjdikdjlg ì.a*qÜ iïnkaOfhka uE;§ bÈßm;a jQ idlaIs fndfyduhla fndre tajdhs' 1958 jif¾§ uyd jdkrfhl=f.a wä i,l=Kla hehs lshñka f¾ fjd,kaia bÈßm;a l< idlaIsh Tyq úiska úfkdaoh i|yd l< fndrejla nj;a" ta .ek uefrk fudfydf;a Tyq mdfmdÉpdrKhla l< nj;a Tyqf.a urKska miq Tyqf.a orejkaf.ka fy<sjqKd' 1958 § f¾ fjd,kaia bÈßm;a l< idlaIshg wkqj mqj;am;a ish,a,lu jdf.a m%Odk isria;,h jQfha ì.a*qÜ .ek m%jD;a;shhs' ì.a*qÜ miqmi yefrñka weúo hk ùäfhda oiqka fm<la Tyq úiska rE.; lr ;sfhkjd' tal f,dj mqrd m%isoaêhg m;ajqKd' ì.a*qÜ .ek rEmjdyskS jevigykla úldYh jqfkd;a fuu ùäfhda oiqka fm< ksielju Bg tla fjkjd' fuu oiqka m%n, idlaIshla f,i l,la ms<s.ekSug ,la jqKd' 2004 jif¾§ fmmais iud.fï fnda;,a ksIamdolfhla f,i fiajh l< úY%dñl fndí ysfrdaksuia m%ldY l<d iqm%lg ì.a*qÜ oiqfka ì.a*qÜ f,i fmkS isáfha f.daß,a,djl=f.a we÷ulska ieriqKq ;ud nj'
ì.a*qÜ we;a;gu fndrejlao @
ì.a*qÜ .ek fidhñka .fõIKhla lsÍug Wkkaÿ msßila fukau" ì.a*qÜ fndre hehs lshñka ta nj Tmamq lsÍugo úoHd{hska yd úoaj;=ka úYd, msßila bkakjd' Tjqka bÈßm;a lrk m%Odku ;¾lh jkafka ì.a*qÜ i;ajfhl=f.a fyda Bg iudk lsisu i;ajfhl=f.a lsisu isrere fldgila fyda fmdis,lrKhg ,lajQ isrere fldgila fyda yuq fkdùuhs' ta jqk;a W;=re wefußldfõ Ôj;a jQ whsia hq.hg wh;a ueu;a i;=kaf.a yd wjqreÿ ñ,shk 65 lg fmr Ôj;a jQ vhskfidarhskaf.a mjd fmdis, yd weglgq ks;ru yuqfõ'
Id,¾f.a ks.ukh
;¾l ú;¾l fld;rï bÈßm;a jqK;a wefußldkq jk Ôù ixrlaIK iudcfha úoHd wxYfha wOHlaIl fcdaÊ Id,¾ kï ì.a*qÜ lshkafka yenEu i;ajfhla úh yels hehs oeä f,i úYajdi lrkjd' ta .ek Tyq fukak fufyu woyia olajkjd' ”miq.sh jir .Kkdj mqrd ì.a*qÜ oegqjdhehs idlaIs ,eî ;sfhkjd' tajdhska ishhg 95 lau fndre lsh,d bj; oukak mq¿jka' ta;a wfkla ishhg 5 fndre hehs lshkak mjd neß wjia:d ;sfhkjd' ta .ek idOdrK ms<s.; yels meyeÈ,s lsÍula ;sfhkak ´kE' md i,l=Kq .ek lshkak ;sfhkafk;a tmuKhs' ta ksid fï jf.a foaj,a .ek fyd|g weye wer,d n,kak ´kE' we;a; fudllao fndrej fudllao f;areï .kak ´kE”
fcaka .=fvda,a woyia olajhs
zzug kï fyd|gu iy;slhszz ì.a*qÜ lshkafka yenEu i;ajfhla” fufyu lshkafka fcaka .=fvda,a' fcaka .=fvda,a lshkafka ms%udfÜia fyj;a wf.a%Yhka .ek wo f,dalfha bkakd m%uqL fmf<a úfYaI{jßhla' ms%udfÜia lsh,d lshkafka jdkr mjqf,a i;=kaghs' fcaka úYajdi lrk úÈhg zzì.a *qÜzz lshkafka jdkrfhla' zzì.a*qÜzz hkafka f;areu zzfhdaO md we;a;dzz hkakhs' W! idudkH jdkrhkag jvd m%udKfhka úYd," f,dauj,ska uq¿ isrer u jeiqKq fomhska weúo hd yels i;ajfhl= njhs mejfikafka' zzfï jk úg ì.a*qÜ f,dj mqrd ckm%sh ùug fya;=j rEmjdyskS jevigykaj,ska yd ´md¥mj,g uq,a;ekla fok ckms%h iÕrdj,ska ,efnk oejeka; m%isoaêhhs' fï ksidu úoHd{hka ;=< ì.a*qÜ .ek úYajdihla ke;sù .syska”zz fcaka .=fvda,a jeäÿrg;a woyia olajñka lshhs'
ì.a*qÜ fidhd hdug f,dl= Wkkaÿjla
f,dalfha ms<s.;a úoHd{jßhla f,i ie,flk .=fvda,af.a woyia myiqfjka neyer l< fkdyelshs' weh lshkafka ì.a*qÜ ms<sn| .eUqre wOHhkhla yd .fõIKhla lsÍu l< hq;a;la njhs' .=fvd,af.a woyig tlÕjk ;j;a fokafkla bkakjd' bka tla flfkla ;ud fcdaÊ Id,¾' Tyq wefußldkq jk Ôù ixrlaIK iudcfha úoHd wxYfha wOHlaIljrhdhs' wfkla flkd ;ud f,dal ms%udfÜihka iq/lSfï ixúOdkfha ri,a ñfgñfha¾' Tyq miq.sh 10 jirl ld,hla ;=< kj ms%udfÜia úfYaI 10 la fidhd .ekSug iu;a ù ;sfhkjd' óg wu;rj ì.a*qÜ .fõIKhla isÿ lsÍug Wkkaÿjla olajk úoHd{hka .Kkla isákjd'
Wkkaÿjla we;sùug fya;=j @
ì.a*qÜ .ek úoHd{hka fu;rï Wkkaÿjla olajkafka j| ù .shd fyda ñ:Hd l;dj,g muKla iSud jqKd hehs is;+ Ôùka lsysm fofkl= u yenEjg u bkakd nj fï jk úg ;yjqre ù we;s yskaohs' ta i;ajhka ;ud fhdaO oe,a,d" l÷lr f.daß,a,d" fhdaO mekavd" Tldms" iS,ldk;a ud¿jd iy we;a o< fydgla we;s lEr,d'
r;= bkaÈhdkq NdIdjg wkqj
w;S;fha isg wefußldfõ Ôj;a jk iajfoaYSh ckhdf.a" ta lshkafka r;= bkaÈhdkqjkaf.a" NdId jHjydrfha ;sfhkjd" zzfhdaO jdkrhdzz hk wre;a fok jokla' ta;a W;=re wefußldfõ jk.;j j÷rka fyda jdkrhka ta lshkafka ÑïmkaiSka iy f.daß,a,ka we;af;a kE' flá ÿrla fyda fomhska weúo hdug yels tlu i;ajhd ;uhs j<yd' wefußldfõ j<iqka j¾. lsysmhlau bkakjd'
r;= bkaÈhdkq Ñ;%j,ska yuqjQ foa
wefußldfõ ngysr m%foaYj, leKSï l< mqrdúoHd{hkag tlsfkld yd iïnkaO fkdjQ m<d;a .Kkdjl jdih l< iajfoaYSl r;= bkaÈhdkq f.da;%slhka .,aj, flgQ Ñ;% yd rEm igyka yuqù ;sfhkjd' ta rEmigykaj, wefußldfõ jk.; m%foaYj, r;= bkaÈhdkqjkag yuqjQ fkdfhla fkdfhla i;=kaf.a rEm fldgd ;sfhkjd' fï rEm w;ßka tla rEmhla mqrdúoHd{hska uú;hg m;a l<d' tal fomhska ke.S isák fhdaO jdkrfhl=f.a rEmhla' j÷rka fyda jdkrhska Ôj;a fkdjk W;=re wefußldfõ iajfoaYSl ckhd jdkrfhl=f.a rEmhla .,aj, fldgd ;sîu mqrdúoHd{hska uú;hg m;a l< ldrKdjla jqKd' lsisodl tlsfkld yuqù fyda l;dny fyda fkdl< tlsfklg fjkia f.da;%sl ckhd tl yd iudk jdkrfhl=f.a rEmhla Tjqka yefudau Ñ;% wekao f,ka Ñ;%j,g we;=<;a lr ;sîu we;af;kau mqÿuhg lreKla' ta jf.auhs fïl ì.a*qÜ we;a;u Ôúfhla úh yelshehs hkakg b;d m%n, idlaIshla' ta is;ska ujd .;a i;ajfhl= fkdfõ' iajfoaYSlhska is;=jug keÕ=fõ Tjqka weiska ÿgq i;ajhkqhs' wfkla w;g tlsfklg iïnkaOhla ke;s f.da;%sl lKavdhï lsysmhlau tlu i;ajfhl=f.a uk#l,ams; Ñ;%hla w¢kafka fldfyduo @
ial+lï md i,l=K
ì.a*qÜj weiska ÿgq njg we;s idlaIs 1820 jir olajd Èfjkjd' 1900 § mgka ì.a*qÜ ÿgq jd¾;d 2"500 lg jvd ,eî ;sfhkjd' ta jf.auhs uE; ld,fha § jvd;a ms<s.; yels wêlrK úoHd idlaIs mjd bÈßm;a ù ;sfhkjd' tajdhska jvd;a m%isoaO;u idlaIsh f,i ie,flkafka ial+lïf.a md i,l=Kl wÉpqjla' fuu md i,l=fKa ,nd 2000 jif¾ § Ydka; fy,kaia ñáhdjf;a ufvys igyka j ;sìh§hs' ì.a*qÜ fiùfï wdYdfjka fm¿Kq m<mqreoaola ke;s tla mqoa.,fhla ñáhdjf;a ;ekska ;ek m,;=re f.dv .id ;snqKd" ì.a*qÜj w,a,d .kak weula yeáhg' fuu md i,l=K ufvys igyka jQfha ta m,;=re lkak meñKs ì.a*qÜf.ka njhs" mejfikafka' tfy;a iuyr úoHd{hska lshkafka kï fuh úfYaI{hska msßila úiska ks¾udKh l< fndre md i,l=Kla njhs'
ì.a*qÜ .ek fndre fy<sfjhs
wjdikdjlg ì.a*qÜ iïnkaOfhka uE;§ bÈßm;a jQ idlaIs fndfyduhla fndre tajdhs' 1958 jif¾§ uyd jdkrfhl=f.a wä i,l=Kla hehs lshñka f¾ fjd,kaia bÈßm;a l< idlaIsh Tyq úiska úfkdaoh i|yd l< fndrejla nj;a" ta .ek uefrk fudfydf;a Tyq mdfmdÉpdrKhla l< nj;a Tyqf.a urKska miq Tyqf.a orejkaf.ka fy<sjqKd' 1958 § f¾ fjd,kaia bÈßm;a l< idlaIshg wkqj mqj;am;a ish,a,lu jdf.a m%Odk isria;,h jQfha ì.a*qÜ .ek m%jD;a;shhs' ì.a*qÜ miqmi yefrñka weúo hk ùäfhda oiqka fm<la Tyq úiska rE.; lr ;sfhkjd' tal f,dj mqrd m%isoaêhg m;ajqKd' ì.a*qÜ .ek rEmjdyskS jevigykla úldYh jqfkd;a fuu ùäfhda oiqka fm< ksielju Bg tla fjkjd' fuu oiqka m%n, idlaIshla f,i l,la ms<s.ekSug ,la jqKd' 2004 jif¾§ fmmais iud.fï fnda;,a ksIamdolfhla f,i fiajh l< úY%dñl fndí ysfrdaksuia m%ldY l<d iqm%lg ì.a*qÜ oiqfka ì.a*qÜ f,i fmkS isáfha f.daß,a,djl=f.a we÷ulska ieriqKq ;ud nj'
ì.a*qÜ we;a;gu fndrejlao @
ì.a*qÜ .ek fidhñka .fõIKhla lsÍug Wkkaÿ msßila fukau" ì.a*qÜ fndre hehs lshñka ta nj Tmamq lsÍugo úoHd{hska yd úoaj;=ka úYd, msßila bkakjd' Tjqka bÈßm;a lrk m%Odku ;¾lh jkafka ì.a*qÜ i;ajfhl=f.a fyda Bg iudk lsisu i;ajfhl=f.a lsisu isrere fldgila fyda fmdis,lrKhg ,lajQ isrere fldgila fyda yuq fkdùuhs' ta jqk;a W;=re wefußldfõ Ôj;a jQ whsia hq.hg wh;a ueu;a i;=kaf.a yd wjqreÿ ñ,shk 65 lg fmr Ôj;a jQ vhskfidarhskaf.a mjd fmdis, yd weglgq ks;ru yuqfõ'
Id,¾f.a ks.ukh
;¾l ú;¾l fld;rï bÈßm;a jqK;a wefußldkq jk Ôù ixrlaIK iudcfha úoHd wxYfha wOHlaIl fcdaÊ Id,¾ kï ì.a*qÜ lshkafka yenEu i;ajfhla úh yels hehs oeä f,i úYajdi lrkjd' ta .ek Tyq fukak fufyu woyia olajkjd' ”miq.sh jir .Kkdj mqrd ì.a*qÜ oegqjdhehs idlaIs ,eî ;sfhkjd' tajdhska ishhg 95 lau fndre lsh,d bj; oukak mq¿jka' ta;a wfkla ishhg 5 fndre hehs lshkak mjd neß wjia:d ;sfhkjd' ta .ek idOdrK ms<s.; yels meyeÈ,s lsÍula ;sfhkak ´kE' md i,l=Kq .ek lshkak ;sfhkafk;a tmuKhs' ta ksid fï jf.a foaj,a .ek fyd|g weye wer,d n,kak ´kE' we;a; fudllao fndrej fudllao f;areï .kak ´kE”
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